Supraglottic airway devices, which do not require intubation, are available for airway management in cats and rabbits. Veterinarians have several options for intubation, including clear cuffed polyvinylchloride, silicone, and self-sealing baffled tubes. Prepare for airway management by choosing ETTs of appropriate sizes and intubation tools (e.g., stylets, laryngoscope), along with a face mask for preoxygenation prior to induction. When using RCs, a minor disadvantage of lower flow rates is increased time to change anesthetic depth after changing the vaporizer setting. Lower flow rates also conserve moisture and heat. The benefits of lower flow rates include decreased environmental contamination and decreased consumption of O 2 and volatile anesthetic gases (i.e., inhalant anesthetic not inhaled by the patient). During the maintenance phase, total O 2 flow rate should typically be 20–40 mL/kg/min, with a minimum 500 mL/min to ensure accurate vaporizer output. Proper valve function can be assessed by breathing through the circuit while visualizing movement of the correct valve on inspiration and on expiration. RCs depend on functional one-way valves to ensure unidirectional gas flow and on CO 2 absorbent to prevent rebreathing of CO 2. Pediatric RCs typically have lower equipment dead space compared with hoses for adult patients and can be used for patients <3–5 kg (6.6–11 lbs) if NRCs are not available. When choosing a breathing circuit, note that NRCs are commonly used for cats and small dogs (patients 3–5 kg (6.6–11 lbs). Equipment setup should be guided by checklists that dictate general equipment preparation tasks for the day (e.g., fill the CO 2 absorbent canisters) and specific preparation tasks for each patient (e.g., pressure check the anesthesia machine prior to each use).Ĭonnect the breathing circuit to the machine. These can be installed on most anesthesia machines for use with both types of breathing circuits.Īnesthesia personnel have a responsibility to understand the proper use and function of, and be able to set up, check, and troubleshoot, all necessary equipment prior to use. Safety pop-off valves prevent excessively high airway pressure and potential barotrauma.
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Courtesy of Heidi Shafford, published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2018 20:602-34.Ī manometer allows safe delivery of manual and mechanical breaths, enables leak checking of the seal of the ETT cuff within the trachea, and allows for a visual indication of rise in airway pressure. Two essential safety features to have on every anesthetic machine are (1) an in-circuit manometer and (2) a safety pop-off valve.īain non-rebreathing circuit (NRC) adapter with in-circuit manometer (white arrow) and safety pop-off valve (black arrow). The machine and the breathing circuit become part of the patient’s respiratory system and can support, if working correctly, or impair, if working incorrectly, respiratory function. Anesthesia machines, paired with breathing circuits (nonrebreathing circuit or rebreathing circuit ), are designed to deliver oxygen (O 2) and inhalant anesthetic to the patient and to prevent rebreathing of carbon dioxide (CO 2) by the patient. Anesthetic equipment is considered “life-critical” because the wellbeing of patients can be adversely affected if the equipment is not functioning optimally or is used incorrectly. All necessary equipment, including the anesthesia machine, breathing circuit, endotracheal tube (ETT), intubation tools (e.g., laryngoscope), and anesthetic monitors, should be prepared. Prior to the start of any general anesthesia or sedation-only procedure, it is critical to ensure that all equipment and monitors are turned on, are functioning, and have undergone appropriate safety checks.
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